Verb – NIF'AL
Root: א - ל - ם
The first radical of this word is guttural. It cannot bear a dagesh, and the adjacent vowels may be affected.
| Verb form | Person | Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | ||
| Present tense / Participle | נֶאֱלָם ne'elam I am / you m. sg. are / he / it is dumbfounded | נֶאֱלֶמֶת ne'elemet I am / you f. sg. are / she / it is dumbfounded | נֶאֱלָמִים ne'elamim we / you m. pl. / they m. are dumbfounded | נֶאֱלָמוֹת ne'elamot we / you f. pl. / they f. are dumbfounded | |
| Past tense | 1st | נֶאֱלַמְתִּי ne'elamti I was dumbfounded | נֶאֱלַמְנוּ ne'elamnu we were dumbfounded | ||
| 2nd | נֶאֱלַמְתָּ ne'elamta you m. sg. were dumbfounded | נֶאֱלַמְתְּ ne'elamt you f. sg. were dumbfounded | נֶאֱלַמְתֶּם ne'elamtem you m. pl. were dumbfounded The ending is usually unstressed in spoken language: נֶאֱלַמְתֶּם ne'elamtem | נֶאֱלַמְתֶּן ne'elamten you f. pl. were dumbfounded The ending is usually unstressed in spoken language: נֶאֱלַמְתֶּן ne'elamten | |
| 3rd | נֶאֱלַם ne'elam he / it was dumbfounded | נֶאֶלְמָה ne'elma she / it was dumbfounded | נֶאֶלְמוּ ne'elmu they were dumbfounded | ||
| Future tense | 1st | אֵאָלֵם ~ איאלם e'alem I will be dumbfounded | נֵאָלֵם ~ ניאלם ne'alem we will be dumbfounded | ||
| 2nd | תֵּאָלֵם ~ תיאלם te'alem you m. sg. will be dumbfounded | תֵּאָלְמִי ~ תיאלמי te'almi you f. sg. will be dumbfounded | תֵּאָלְמוּ ~ תיאלמו te'almu you m. pl. will be dumbfounded | תֵּאָלַמְנָה ~ תיאלמנה te'alamna תֵּאָלֵמְנָה ~ תיאלמנה te'alemna you f. pl. will be dumbfounded In modern language, the masculine form is generally used: תֵּאָלְמוּ ~ תיאלמו te'almu | |
| 3rd | יֵאָלֵם ~ ייאלם ye'alem he / it will be dumbfounded | תֵּאָלֵם ~ תיאלם te'alem she / it will be dumbfounded | יֵאָלְמוּ ~ ייאלמו ye'almu they m. will be dumbfounded | תֵּאָלַמְנָה ~ תיאלמנה te'alamna תֵּאָלֵמְנָה ~ תיאלמנה te'alemna they f. will be dumbfounded In modern language, the masculine form is generally used: יֵאָלְמוּ ~ ייאלמו ye'almu | |
| Imperative | הֵאָלֵם! ~ היאלם! he'alem! (to a man) be dumbfounded! | הֵאָלְמִי! ~ היאלמי! he'almi! (to a woman) be dumbfounded! | הֵאָלְמוּ! ~ היאלמו! he'almu! (to men) be dumbfounded! | הֵאָלַמְנָה! ~ היאלמנה! he'alamna! הֵאָלֵמְנָה! ~ היאלמנה! he'alemna! (to women) be dumbfounded! In modern language, the masculine form is generally used: הֵאָלְמוּ! ~ היאלמו! he'almu! | |
| Infinitive | לְהֵאָלֵם ~ להיאלם lehe'alem to be dumbfounded | ||||
| Word | Root | Part of speech | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
אִילֵּם | א - ל - ם | Adjective – kittel pattern | mute, dumb (unable to speak) |
אַלִּים | א - ל - ם | Adjective – kattil pattern | violent |
אַלִּימוּת | א - ל - ם | Noun – feminine | violence |
אֵלֶם | א - ל - ם | Noun – ketel pattern, masculine | silence, speechlessness (lit.) |
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