Verb – PA'AL
Root: ח - ר - ף
The first radical of this word is guttural; this affects the adjacent vowels.
| Verb form | Person | Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | ||
| Present tense / Participle | חוֹרֵף choref I / you m. sg. / he / it winter(s) | חוֹרֶפֶת chorefet I / you f. sg. / she / it winter(s) | חוֹרְפִים chorfim we / you m. pl. / they m. winter | חוֹרְפוֹת chorfot we / you f. pl. / they f. winter | |
| Past tense | 1st | חָרַפְתִּי charafti I wintered | חָרַפְנוּ charafnu we wintered | ||
| 2nd | חָרַפְתָּ charafta you m. sg. wintered | חָרַפְתְּ charaft you f. sg. wintered | חֲרַפְתֶּם charaftem you m. pl. wintered The ending is usually unstressed in spoken language: חָרַפְתֶּם charaftem | חֲרַפְתֶּן charaften you f. pl. wintered The ending is usually unstressed in spoken language: חָרַפְתֶּן charaften | |
| 3rd | חָרַף charaf he / it wintered | חָרְפָה charfa she / it wintered | חָרְפוּ charfu they wintered | ||
| Future tense | 1st | אֶחְרֹף ~ אחרוף echrof I will winter | נַחְרֹף ~ נחרוף nachrof we will winter | ||
| 2nd | תַּחְרֹף ~ תחרוף tachrof you m. sg. will winter | תַּחְרְפִי tachrefi you f. sg. will winter | תַּחְרְפוּ tachrefu you m. pl. will winter | תַּחְרֹפְנָה ~ תחרופנה tachrofna you f. pl. will winter In modern language, the masculine form is generally used: תַּחְרְפוּ tachrefu | |
| 3rd | יַחְרֹף ~ יחרוף yachrof he / it will winter | תַּחְרֹף ~ תחרוף tachrof she / it will winter | יַחְרְפוּ yachrefu they m. will winter | תַּחְרֹפְנָה ~ תחרופנה tachrofna they f. will winter In modern language, the masculine form is generally used: יַחְרְפוּ yachrefu | |
| Imperative | חֲרֹף! ~ חרוף! charof! (to a man) winter! | חִרְפִי! chirfi! (to a woman) winter! | חִרְפוּ! chirfu! (to men) winter! | חֲרֹפְנָה! ~ חרופנה! charofna! (to women) winter! In modern language, the masculine form is generally used: חִרְפוּ! chirfu! | |
| Infinitive | לַחְרֹף ~ לחרוף lachrof to winter | ||||
| Word | Root | Part of speech | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
חוֹרֶף | ח - ר - ף | Noun – kotel pattern, masculine | winter |
חוֹרְפִּי | ח - ר - ף | Adjective | winter, wintery |
חָרִיף | ח - ר - ף | Adjective – katil pattern | sharp, acute; spicy, hot (food); keen, smart |
לְחָרֵף | ח - ר - ף | Verb – pi'el | to insult, to abuse, to curse (lit.) |
לְהַחֲרִיף | ח - ר - ף | Verb – hif'il | to worsen, to aggravate |
חֶרְפָּה | ח - ר - ף | Noun – kitla pattern, feminine | shame, disgrace; (in plural) insults, abuse |
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